VERB TENSES
I/. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE : THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
Câu xác định | I / You / We / They + V0 She / He / It + V ( - s / - e s) * Động từ tận cùng có : S , SH , CH , X , O , Z thì ta thêm -es |
Câu phủ định | S + don’t / doesn’t + V0 |
Câu nghi vấn | Do / Does + S + V0…..? |
* Động từ “ To be”: I + am You / We / They + are
She / He / It + is
* Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả một hành động được lập đi lập lại
Ví dụ: They go to church every Sundays
- Nói về sự thật
Ví dụ: Thanksgiving comes on the fourth Thursday of November
* Từ nhận biết: Always (Luôn luôn), Usually (Thường thường), Often ( Thường xuyên), Sometimes (Thỉnh thoảng), Never ( Không bao giờ), Seldom, rarely (Ít khi), Every …..( Mỗi……),
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple present tense
1. They ( go ) to church every Sundays.
2. She often ( watch ) TV in the evening.
3. What (you / do ) every morning?
4. I always ( get ) up at 7 o’clock in the morning.
5. After classes he often ( listen ) to music.
6. She ( not play ) volleyball every afternon.
7. Nam (often be ) late for school.
8. Lan and I ( be ) in class 6A
II. THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN
Câu xác định | S + am / is / are + V-ing |
Câu phủ định | S + am / is / are + not + V-ing |
Câu nghi vấn | Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ? |
* Cách dùng:
- Thì hiện tại tiếp diến diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói.
Ví dụ: Please don’t make so much noise. I am working
- Hành động đang xảy ra không nhất thiết vào tời điểm nói
Ví dụ: Mary wants to work in France, so she is learning French
* Chú ý cách thêm –ing vào động từ:
- Động từ tận cùng là –e, ta bỏ –e, thêm – ing ( write – writing )
- Động từ một vần tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước có một nguyên âm ta gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm – ing. ( swim – swimming )
- Động từ 2 vần có dấu nhấn ở vần hai, tận cùng bằng một phụ âm, trước là một nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm –ing ( begin – beginning )
* Từ nhận biết: Now, right now, at the moment, at present
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present progressive tense
1. Tom ( sleep ) and we ( play ) video games at present.
2. What you ( do ) now?
3. We ( not study ) now, we ( watch ) TV.
4. You ( listen ) to me, Mary? – Yes, I am
5. Hurry up. He ( wait ) outside
III. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN
Câu xác định | S + will + V0 |
Câu phủ định | S + will + not + V0 |
Câu nghi vấn | Will + S + V0……? |
* Cách dùng: Thì tương lai đơn diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong tương lai
* Từ nhận biết: Tomorrow, next….., in + năm trong tương lai, some day, sooner or later
* NEAR FUTURE: TƯƠNG LAI GẦN
S + is / am / are + going to + V0 Diễn tả một dự định trong tương lai
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple future tense
1. Goodbye ! We ( see ) you tomorrow.
2. The weather ( start ) a little colder tomorrow.
3. Stay home. Lan ( call ) you tonight.
4. Look at those black clouds. It is going ( rain )
5. You ( be ) free tomorrow?
IV. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
Câu xác định | S + V- ed / -2 | I / he / she / it + was You / we / they + were |
Câu phủ định | S + didn’t + V0 | S + was / were + not …….. |
Câu nghi vấn | Did + S + V0 …..? | Was / Were + S ………..? |
* Cách dùng:
- Thì quá khứ đơn diễn tả hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ
- Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ
* Từ nhận biết: Yesterday, ago, last……., in + năm ở quá khứ
* Chú ý: Cách thêm –ed
- Động từ tận cùng là –e, ta bỏ –e rồi thêm –ed Ví dụ: arrive - arrived
- Động từ tận cùng là –y, trước nó là một phụ âm thì ta đổi –y thành –i rồi thêm ed
Ví dụ: try – tried
- Động từ tận cùng là một phụ âm, trước nó là một nguyên âm, ta gấp đôi phụ âm rồi thêm -ed
Ví dụ: fit – fitted
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the simple past tense
1. I ( start ) school when I was six.
2. We ( meet ) his parents yesterday.
3. The school ( be ) in bad conditions three years ago.
4. Your aunt ( call ) you yesterday?
5. He ( not visit ) Da Lat last summer.
V. THE PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN
Câu xác định | S + was / were + V- ing |
Câu phủ định | S + was / were + not + V- ing |
Câu nghi vấn | Was / Were + S + V- ing ….? |
* Cách dùng:
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: They were working at seven o’clock last night
- Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì có một hành động khác xen vào
S + was / were + V- ing when S + V- ed / -2
Ví dụ: I was sleeping when the phone rang
S + V- ed / -2 while S + was / were + V- ing
Ví dụ: The phone rang while I was sleeping
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the past progressive tense
1. What you ( do ) at six o’clock yesterday?
2. Nam ( take ) a shower at eight o’clock last night.
3. I ( do ) my homework at seven o’clock yesterday.
4. While they ( eat ), the phone rang.
5. It ( rain ) when the plane got to Ha Noi.
VI. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Câu xác định | S + have / has + V- ed / -3 |
Câu phủ định | S + have / has + not + V- ed / -3 |
Câu nghi vấn | Have / Has + S + V- ed / -3 ….? |
* Cách dùng:Thì hiện tại hoàn thành diễn tả:
- Hành động vừa mới xảy ra trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: I have just finished my homework
- Hành động hay sự kiện tại một thời điểm không chắc chắn trong quá khứ
Ví dụ: I have already seen that film
- Hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại
Ví dụ: She has studied French for three years
* Từ nhận biết: Just, already, yet, ever, so far, recently, lately, before, up to now, since, for
Since + a point of time ( một điểm thời gian ) (Since 2011, Since January,…… )
For + a period of time ( một khoảng thời gian) ( For 5 years )
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense
1. We ( not come ) to your house for two years.
2. She ( live ) here since last year.
3. He ( see ) you since yesterday?
4. Nam ( collect ) stamps since 1999.
5. You ( finish ) your composition yet? – Yes, I have.
VII. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE: THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH
Câu xác định | S + had + V- ed / -3 |
Câu phủ định | S + had + not + V- ed / -3 |
Câu nghi vấn | Had + S + V- ed / -3 ….? |
* Cách dùng:Thì quá khứ hoàn thành diễn tả một hành động hay sự kiện xảy ra trước một thời điểm hay một sự kiện khác trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: We had finished planting trees before lunchtime yesterday
When I arrived at the party, Lucy had already gone home
EXERCISES
* Complete the following senrences, using the present perfect tense
1. We stopped for a rest after we ( walk ) for two hours.
2. I ( finish ) my homework before I went to school.
3. We received her letter after she ( move ) to a new house.
4. I ( see ) him eating in the restaurant before going home yesterday.
5. We missed the beginning of the play, because it ( already start ) when we arrived.
EXERCISES
I. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense:
1. I ( get )……………………………………. up the day before yesterday.
2. What …………….you (do) ……… ……………………. The day after tomorrow?
3. She always (go) …………………………………….to sleep before her mother does.
4. She rarely (take) …………………………………….a bath after dinner.
5. ………… …………….you (take) …………… …………….a trip next summer?
6. Alice and Mary (put) …………………………………….away the dinner dishes right now.
7.The telephone rang while I (take) ………… ……………….my shower this morning.
8. In what year………… ………………….World War II (break) ……………… ……….out?
9. We (learn) …………………………………….grammar right at the moment.
10. John and Tom (write) …………………………………….letters at the moment.
11. Listen! Someone (knock) …………………………………….at the door.
12. It always (snow) …… …………….in winter. It (snow) ……… ………………. Now.
13. I (read) …………………………………….a book when the electricity was disconnected.
14. Look! A boy (run) …… ……………….after a dog. He (want) …… … ……….to catch it.
15. I (spend) …….this weekend in Dalat. I (go) ……… …….there nearly everymonth.
16.The bell rang while I (have) …………………………………….lunch.
17. When the war (end) ……………………………………., we were living in the countryside.
18. Marconi (invent) ……………………………………. radio a long time ago.
19. She (not, speak) ……………………………………. To me for over a month.
20. I (buy) …………………………………….a good dictionary yesterday morning.
21. ………… …………….you (have) ………… …………………….dinner yet?
22. So far, I (not, see) …………………………………….a camel.
23. In France birbs (fly) ……………………………………. to the South before winter comes.
24. He (sit) …………………………………….on a chair at 9:00 last night.
25. I (know) ……………………………………. him for a very long time.
26. My parents (come) …………………………………….to stay with me next month.
27. The war began while he (live) …………………………………….in France.
28. They (just leave) …………………………………….here.
29. He (turn) …………………………………….on the fan now.
30. There (be) …………………………………….no intelligent life on the moon.
31. He thanked me for what I (do) ……………………………………. .
32. My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody (take) ……… …………………….it.
33. I (not, see) ………………… ………….her for three years. I wonder where she is.
34. The performance (begin) ……… ……………….at 7 o’clock and (last) …… ……………….for three hours. We all (enjoy) …… …………………….it.
II. Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first.
1. Samuel started keeping a diary in 1997.
Samuel has .........................................................................................................
2. We started learning English five years ago.
We have….……………………………………………………………………
3. I began living in Ho Chi Minh city when I was 8.
I have……..……………………………………………………………………
4. She has taught the children in this remote village for five months.
She started……………………………………………………………………
5. He hasn’t written to me since April.
The last time…………………………………………………………………………
6. She hasn’t had a swim for five years.
She last ………………………………………………………………………………………
7. They last talked to each other two months ago
They haven’t………………………………………………………………………
8. The last time she saw her elder sister was in 1999
She hasn’t…..…………………………………………………………………
9. She hasn’t written to me for years.
It’s years……..………… ..................................................................
10. Robert and Catherine have been married for ten years.
It’s ten years……………………………………….…………
11. It’s two weeks since they cleaned their room.
They……………..………………….………………………………
12. It’s over six months since John had his hair cut.
John……………..…………………………….……………………
13. How long is it since you rode a bicycle?
When………………………………………………….……………?
14. How long is it since he wrote to me?
When…………………………………………….………………?
15. When did he last talk to you?
How long……………………………………………………….…?
16. When did you last telephone him?
How long………………………………………………….………?
17. We have never eaten this kind of food before.
It’s the…………………………………………………….………….
18. This is the first time I have seen this film.
I have never………………………………………………….
1. John began studying English five years ago.
John has………………………………………………….……..
2. He has lived in Ben Tre city for 2 months.
He started…………………………………………….……….
1- We began living in Ho Chi Minh city when we were 10.
We have……..……………………………………………………………………
2. We have known each other since 2018.
We started…………………………………………………………………………